The cast Cu-Ni alloys CuNi10Fe1Mn1 and CuNi30Fe1Mn1NbSi are used for pumps and valves in seawater cooling systems of ships and coastal power stations, seawater desalination plant and in the chemical industry (see Table 20), because of their excellent resistance to seawater and other chloride-containing solutions, at the same time having medium to high strength and very good weldability. In many cooling circuits in which wrought Cu-Ni alloys are employed, they act as fittings materials. It is thus possible to use materials of the same type and thereby to gain protection from corrosion and the formation of galvanic couples. The high-strength cast Cu-Ni alloys (see Table 14) have been developed especially for marine purposes (see Table 21). A small summary, arranged by area of application (supplemented by a few pictorial examples) is given in the following.
Abstract:Polymer 3D printing is an emerging technology with recent research translating towards increased use in industry, particularly in medical fields. Polymer printing is advantageous because it enables printing low-cost functional parts with diverse properties and capabilities. Here, we provide a review of recent research advances for polymer 3D printing by investigating research related to materials, processes, and design strategies for medical applications. Research in materials has led to the development of polymers with advantageous characteristics for mechanics and biocompatibility, with tuning of mechanical properties achieved by altering printing process parameters. Suitable polymer printing processes include extrusion, resin, and powder 3D printing, which enable directed material deposition for the design of advantageous and customized architectures. Design strategies, such as hierarchical distribution of materials, enable balancing of conflicting properties, such as mechanical and biological needs for tissue scaffolds. Further medical applications reviewed include safety equipment, dental implants, and drug delivery systems, with findings suggesting a need for improved design methods to navigate the complex decision space enabled by 3D printing. Further research across these areas will lead to continued improvement of 3D-printed design performance that is essential for advancing frontiers across engineering and medicine.Keywords: 3D printing; additive manufacturing; materials; polymers; design; lattices; mechanics; simulation; engineering; medical
solution manual mechanical behavior of materials william f 13
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